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According to the US auto media Autoblog website reported on July 17, Honda Motor Company announced the existence of spontaneous combustion risk due to battery sensors, is expected in the global recall of "Accord" about 2.1 million.
Honda is responsible for the publicity of Chris Martin revealed that in the 2.1 million, involving the Accord for the 2013 to 2016 models, Honda plans to recall 1.15 million in the United States, accounting for more than half of the global total, other markets recalled a total of 1 million The
According to Honda and the media, the Accent's security risks have recently led to five related fires, of which four engine cabin fire accidents occurred in the United States "salt" (that is, the winter fit BMW e36 coilovers is relatively cold, the road commonly used antifreeze salt) The other happened in Canada, but fortunately there was no casualty report. In the United States alone, Honda received 3972 complaints.
As these batteries may not be packaged in place at the time of production, in some areas humid gases, road antifreeze salts or other conductive substances may enter the engine inside, causing corrosion and charged material leakage, constitute a short circuit, which brings the engine fire hazard. The total number of recall and repair is huge, if the vehicle's battery sensor in good condition, the dealer will provide temporary repair - with the glue to the battery sensor shell sealed to prevent moisture intrusion.
In June 2016, Honda introduced a new battery sensor to improve the design, after investigating the fire in the Chinese market, Honda announced that "the probability of future fire is expected to be low," but still receive other fire reports will continue to investigate problem.

10 years later, Geely can produce the driver did not interfere with the operation of the smart car?
Or more bold, Geely will be the first to produce (not the production) Chinese version of the unmanned car business?
It should be said that this has appeared in the planning of Geely. But this plan can be achieved, yet to be realistic test.
A few days ago, I and a group of people against the scorching sun, in Tianjin, China Automotive Research Center watched a unmanned car as the protagonist of the game.
I can roughly describe - closed a section of the city as a simulated environment, there are some relatively simple traffic scenes, such as a variety of marking lines, roadblocks, dummies, etc., and then set the three game mode:
- unmanned competition set the preliminary and final, the preliminary need to challenge the task to start, the passage of the road, tunnel access and other 10 scenes, the final in addition to preliminary content, the need to test bank withdrawals, vehicles with Chi, crossing a total of 15 scenes The
- The intelligent auxiliary group competition includes automatic Coilover Shocks parking, automatic emergency braking, lane departure warning and maintenance of three test items, mainly for the production of intelligent auxiliary driving system for evaluation of the production car.
- Information security group competition mainly for intelligent function of the car for information security attack and defense evaluation, participants need to crack the car control protocol, such as engine speed, air conditioning switch and switch.
Here I do not quote the specific game, only said subjective feelings, there are two points:
1. Some of the participating vehicles can cope with most scenes, but reflect the speed is relatively slow, the way more "clumsy", both can see these scenes were unmanned vehicles to overcome, but still can not feel "human brain" in the operation, If you want to slow down a moment to respond and so on;
2. Most of the vehicles still remain in the experimental stage, such as some cars have a lot of external radar, antenna, cockpit inside a lot of test equipment, the overall feeling is that from the mass production is still very far away.
Just one day before the game, at the first World Intelligence Conference (WIC) on a smart driving sub-forum, I met Geely Automobile Research Institute Hu Zhengnan. What is special to him is that he is the only representative of a car company in a forum that is mainly played by academicians and industry professionals.
From this point of view, his point of view will be closer to the practice of the automotive field.
He first shared the view that the fourth auto industry change, with AI (artificial intelligence), large data, cloud computing and other technologies mature and come.
It should be said that this is a basic view of the industry without objection.
But he is very ground recognition: these advanced technology in Cheap Coilovers the specific application of automotive products has not yet reached the "deeper depth", so the status quo is "there are many problems to solve, to break through."
In fact, Geely Automobile in the field of product intelligence has been practiced for nearly five years. Hu Zhengnan said: We summarize and sort out the experience of the development of intelligent automotive products, combined with the future development trend of intelligent technology research, on May 10 this year, released a new Geely brand 'iNTEC humanization technology - , There are five core technology modules in iNTEC.
The data show that the so-called "five core technology modules", refers to - efficient power technology G-Power, human safety technology G-Safety, intelligent driving technology G-Pilot, health ecological technology G-Blue, intelligent interchange Line technology G-Netlink five major technology.
Hu Zhengnan said: 'G-Pilot intelligent driving technology' is a master of artificial intelligence in automotive applications. "
He used four stages to describe the auspicious ambition, which, 1.0 era has come, the current Geely new generation models, including Borui, Bo Yue, Imperial GS, Imperial GL, etc. have been equipped with G-Pilot 1.0 related functions, these terms We should have been very familiar with, such as ACC adaptive cruise, AEB automatic emergency braking system, LDW lane departure warning, IHBC intelligent high beam control, PAS semi-automatic parking, to achieve vehicle acceleration and deceleration control and information early warning.
And 2.0 times when the specific arrival, you can also see a lot of clues. It should be said that by 2020, you can see a clear iteration.
On the real sense of the watershed, the presence of the Chinese Academy of Engineering Li Deyi proposed from L2 to L3, that is, from the "liberation of hands" to "the liberation of the eyes" (the highest stage is mind off, liberation consciousness, but there are controversies, Some people think that the higher is drive off, I think this stage is not very different), Geely Institute put this goal into the GPILOT 3.0 stage.
This stage was geared on 2020 to 2024.
I have been very pleased to hear here. Because i feel that Geely is not like some businesses are putting the so-called intelligent driving just as a gimmick, but actually in the dry. Moreover, this line up the sleeves dry the guiding ideology, and the industry is generally recognized the general trend of the same, that is, in the scientific dry.
It was not so good to predict whether it was really made by Geely to produce China's first "HAND OFF" production car. This is one of the great factors, which is one of the many basic technology has gone beyond the scope of the existing automotive industry technology, but should be regulated by the Internet companies, communications companies, robot manufacturing R & D enterprises and car enterprises together, Even in the joint and there is competition, and finally possible to achieve.
In other words, it is important to do it yourself, but the election is more important to the camp. Due to the high complexity of the car, temporarily can not imagine a decade similar to Apple and Andrews against, as long as we choose the operating system can achieve unmanned path of the situation.
Intel is not the world's first software company, Apple is not the first smart equipment company, but it is their PK out of countless very similar to the competitive company, before the formation of today's pattern.
So we look forward to more than just auspicious Hu Zhengnan such a sober research institute president, should also have a higher level of path decision. At this point, the flexibility and courage of private enterprises Geely, in the past has repeatedly appeared.

Today, we then talk about the new BMW 5 Series, look at the chassis structure, materials, whether there is a greater surprise?
Chassis flatness: the international top level
When the vehicle is raised, really like we look forward to Turbocharger the general, quite flat chassis, is definitely the top level.
The front of the vehicle installed two large white flower under the aluminum plate, you can see the BMW 5 Series in the engine, gearbox protection, and the overall lightweight under the foot of the time. And this is what we have so far, the first time to see the use of two aluminum alloy plate models!
In addition, both sides of the glass fiber under the protection board, aluminum chassis fixed frame, the chassis spray, a no less! Especially the rear drive shaft was hidden above the exhaust pipe, the protection is in place! BMW or that BMW, in the basic design everywhere reflect the first-class level!
Front suspension: aluminum alloy double wishbone
BMW new 5 series front sub-frame appears to be a full frame structure, but in fact a H-type structure, but in front of the installation of a fixed pole, and is all aluminum alloy material. May be a lot of friends will ask, not the whole frame of the sub-frame better? In fact, the rigidity and toughness of the vehicle, the full frame sub-frame is indeed more excellent, but to a certain extent affected the handling of the body, so in order to maintain good control, BMW and the installation of a fixed pole.
The front suspension uses the BMW double wishbone structure, and all are aluminum alloy. This structure of the suspension can move up and down the vertical direction of the wheel, turning the tilt is small, reduce tire wear can also have a better paste effect, so the general high-end cars, sports cars, will use such a structure. But the cost is too high, maintenance is complex, and how to double fork arm adjustment is also very difficult, need a lot of experience data, more like a "metaphysics."
Rear suspension: "aluminum for steel", "plastic link"
The new 5-series rear sub-frame with full frame structure, and also aluminum alloy material. We found that after the rear part of the rear frame is somewhat empty, the feeling may have been some of the original parts here.
After looking for information, the original position can be equipped with a rear wheel to actively control the motor. It is said that the official said that the previous generation 7 series of this "active steering" optional, but the domestic consumer options too little, Chinese consumers do not need this feature. The specific situation is not known, in short, in this most expensive administrative version of 540Li did not see this active rear wheel steering motor.
But the new 5 series of rear suspension changes a lot. First Coilover Shocks of all, the new 5 series after the suspension of the large pieces of aluminum alloy arm, and three aluminum control arm, into a "four steel and one aluminum" combination of pure five-link structure.
But I have a friend may ask, "is the aluminum steel? This is a reduction?" I have doubts this question, but after checking the official picture of the BMW found that the new version of the new 5 Series rear suspension is so designed , And the use of rod material and the same version of the domestic, we are assured that at home and abroad simultaneously! But will stamping steel be better than aluminum? Is the cost of compromise or performance improvement?
But it is interesting that we found the rear suspension control arm connecting rod, even a piece of plastic material seems to link! Hurry back to see the front suspension of the anti-roll bar really have a piece! With the absorption of iron can be adsorbed, but obviously lack of suction, there may be a steel core inside, wrapped in a layer of engineering plastics. However, the plastic link on the rear suspension is not any adsorption force, there may be no steel core.
After all, the control arm and the anti-roll bar connecting rods need to bear a lot of torque and tension, and in general the link is steel or aluminum. So "plastic link" can withstand such a big pressure, we are also puzzling! Want to know the truth and related professional knowledge of friends please background message, educated us!
Summary: BMW's "black technology", it really can not read
From the BMW 5 Series chassis point of view, is indeed the top international! Flat chassis, comprehensive protective measures, especially two large aluminum alloy under the shield, too strong! However, although from the "hem arm" replaced by "pure five connecting rod", but "aluminum for steel" really make some seven or eight, do not aluminum it? Is it just for the weight of steel? In addition, the front and rear suspension of the plastic link is people can not understand, and may be the BMW "black technology" it!
On the BMW 5 Series chassis situation first mentioned here, then the car's interior materials and four-door situation, please pay attention to our follow-up scraping content.

In order to make France the largest green economy, French energy minister Nicolas Hulot on the eve of the G20 summit, announced that France will be in 2040, reached no longer sell purely gasoline and diesel as a driving force of the car, but also the introduction of tax incentives , To encourage people to replace the old gasoline and diesel power vehicles, replaced with oil and electricity, plug-in oil or pure electric vehicles and other energy-saving cars, so that France can be in 2050, to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.
French Energy Minister N.Hulot said France plans to stop selling traditional steam-diesel vehicles in 2040 to achieve carbon reduction and achieve carbon neutrality targets by 2050.
Bid farewell to the traditional gasoline and diesel Engine Turbochager vehicles, towards the first green economy forward!
At present, more and more depot has been actively moving towards the era of electrified vehicles, so that the general public is accustomed to the gasoline and diesel power vehicles, and gradually by the oil, plug-in oil and pure electric vehicles and other electrified vehicles replaced to help suppress the world The trend of warming. The former president of the climate summit in France, his president Mark has not only to "let the earth once again great" statement, to ironically announced the withdrawal of the Paris climate agreement from the US President Trump, this further announced in 2040 The elimination of gasoline and diesel vehicles, show Mark Hong to fulfill the Paris climate agreement determination.
French Energy Minister N.Hulot said that to achieve the elimination, the sale of gasoline and diesel vehicles, and 2050 carbon neutral targets, there will be a series of supporting measures to assist, including tax Turbocharger incentives, to encourage more than 20 years old steam Diesel vehicle owners redemption of new energy vehicles. According to Reuters reported that the first half of this year in France sold a new car, 95.2% is gasoline and diesel vehicles, 3.5% is the oil tram, pure electric vehicles accounted for only 1.2% of the total, The
In the relevant supporting measures, France will resort to tax incentives to encourage people to old gasoline and diesel vehicles into a more environmentally friendly electrified vehicles.
In addition, France will also stop drilling in the French field of oil and combustible gas, and plans to remove coal-fired power plants in 2022, while the people at home to use their own energy to produce their own equipment, step by step planning Carbon reduction, and towards the goal of carbon neutrality.
No longer rely on petrochemical fuel, car factories have to invest in the emboss of the electrified vehicles
In addition to France, in the minds of many consumers and the security of the same number of Volvo, also recently announced that from 2019 onwards will no longer publish the use of gasoline and diesel fuel pure diesel engine power vehicles, (Mild Hybrid), plug-in hybrid (Plug-In Hybrid) and pure electric (EV) and other power cars to replace, of which five pure electric vehicles are expected to launch by 2021 years ago. Peugeot and Citroen belongs to the Peugeot Citroen Group, also plans in 2023, so that the brand sold by the brand, 80% of the models to provide pure electricity version, so that consumers have the opportunity to choose a more environmentally friendly way of moving.
Volvo has announced that it will no longer be issued by the use of gasoline and diesel fuel pure diesel engine power vehicles, and by the light oil (Mild Hybrid), plug-in hybrid (Plug-In Hybrid) and pure electric (EV) and other electrified vehicles Replace.

The car suspension is the mechanism of connecting the wheels and the body, supporting and damping the body. Mainly through the action between the wheel and the frame of the force, and buffer from the uneven road to the frame or body of the impact, attenuation caused by the shock to ensure that the car can run smoothly.
Simple and easy to understand car entry knowledge illustrations large collection
Typical suspension system structures include elastic components, guide mechanisms and Coilovers and other parts. Elastic components and steel springs, air springs, coil springs and torsion bar spring and other forms, and modern car suspension system using coil spring and torsion bar spring, individual high-class cars are using air springs.
Simple and easy to understand car entry knowledge illustrations large collection
Independent suspension and non-independent suspension of the difference
Car suspension can be divided according to a variety of forms, in general, mainly divided into two categories, independent suspension and non-independent suspension. How to distinguish between independent suspension and non-independent suspension?
Independent suspension can be easily understood as between the left and right wheels there is no rigid axis between the rigid connection, the side of the wheel suspension parts are all connected with the body only. Rather than independent suspension between the two wheels are not independent of each other, there is a rigid connection between the hard axis.
From the structural point of view, independent suspension because there is no interference between the two wheels, you can have better comfort and handling. Rather than independent suspension between the two wheels have a hard link, will interfere with each other, but its structure is simple, with better rigidity and through sex.
McPherson suspension
McPherson suspension is the most common kind of suspension, mainly A-type fork arm and vibration reduction mechanism. The fork arm is connected to the wheel and is mainly subjected to the lateral force and longitudinal force at the lower end of the wheel. The upper part of the vibration reduction mechanism is connected with the vehicle body, the lower part is connected with the fork arm, bear the task of damping and supporting the body, and also bear the lateral force of the upper end of the wheel.
McPherson's design is characterized by simple structure, hanging light weight and small footprint, the response speed and rebound speed will be faster, so the suspension of the Cheap Coilovers capacity is relatively strong. However, McPherson structure is simple, light weight, then the anti-roll and brake nod ability is weak, poor stability. McPherson currently hangs mostly for the front suspension of a home sedan.
 

Double wishbone suspension
Double wishbone suspension (double A arm, double wishbone suspension), the structure can be understood as the McPherson suspension based on the addition of a fork arm. The upper arm of the wheel is connected with the body, and the lateral and longitudinal forces of the wheel are supported by the fork arm, and the vibration reduction mechanism is only responsible for supporting the body and damping.
Since both the lateral and longitudinal forces of the wheel are supported by two sets of arms, the strength and impact resistance of the double wishbone suspension is much stronger than the McPherson suspension and can well restrain the roll when the vehicle turns Brake nodding and other issues.
Double fork arm suspension is usually used from the upper and lower unequal long arm (on the short), so that the wheel in the up and down movement can automatically change the camber angle and reduce the track change to reduce tire wear, and can adapt to the road, tire grounding Large area, good sticky. As the double wishbone suspension than the McPherson suspension double fork arm more than a rocker arm, need to take up a larger space, and positioning parameters more difficult to determine, so the small car's front axle for space and cost considerations less Use such suspension.
Twisted beam suspension
Twisted beam suspension structure, the two wheels are not directly connected between the hard axis, but by a twisted beam connection, twisting beam can be reversed within a certain range. But if a wheel encounters a non-flat road, the torsion beam will still have some interference on the other side of the wheel, strictly speaking, the twisted beam suspension is semi-independent suspension.
Torsion beam suspension is less comfortable than the stand-alone suspension, but the structure is simple and reliable, it does not account for space, and maintenance costs are lower than the independent suspension, so the torque beam suspension used in small cars and compact car after On the bridge.
The role of the stabilizer bar
Stabilizer bar is also called balance bar, mainly to prevent the body roll, keep the body balance. The ends of the stabilizer bar are fixed on the left and right suspension respectively. When the car turns, the outer suspension will press against the stabilizer bar, the stabilizer bar will bend, and the elasticity of the deformation will prevent the wheel from lifting, so that the body can be kept as balanced as possible.
Multi-link suspension
Multi-link suspension, that is, through a variety of connecting rods to the wheel and the body connected to a set of suspension mechanism, the connecting rod than the ordinary suspension to be more, generally connected to the number of three or more suspension Rod suspension. The current mainstream connecting rod number is 4 or 5 connecting rod. Front suspension is generally 3-link or 4-link independent suspension; rear suspension is generally 4-link or 5-link rear suspension.
Multi-link suspension by connecting the movement point of the constraint angle design makes the suspension in the compression can take the initiative to adjust the wheel positioning, making the wheel and the ground as far as possible to maintain vertical, sticky, with excellent handling. Multi-link suspension to maximize the tire grip to maximize the control limits of the vehicle, is the best of all suspension design, but the complex structure, manufacturing costs are high. General small and medium-sized car for the cost and space considerations rarely use this suspension.
Air suspension
Air suspension is the use of air shock absorber suspension, mainly through the air pump to adjust the air damper air volume and pressure, can change the air shock absorber hardness and elasticity coefficient. By adjusting the amount of air pumped, you can adjust the air shock absorber stroke and length, you can achieve the chassis to raise or lower.
Air suspension has many advantages over conventional steel suspension systems. Such as the vehicle at high speed, the suspension can be hardened to improve the stability of the body; and low speed or bumpy road driving, the suspension can be softened to improve comfort.
Spring and shock absorbers
In the suspension of the vibration mechanism, in addition to the shock absorber will have a root spring. With the shock absorber Why spring? In fact, need their cooperation in order to complete the task of vibration.
When the vehicle is running on an uneven road, the spring is deformed by the impact of the ground, and the spring needs to restore the prototype will appear back and forth vibration phenomenon, which will obviously affect the car handling and comfort. And the shock absorber plays a role in the damping of the spring, inhibit the spring swing back and forth. So that when the car through the uneven sections, it will not keep trembling.
 

 

Whether it's new powertrains, in-car technology or self-driving cars, automotive technology is advancing at an incredible rate.
New technology and systems are reinventing many of the fundamentals of the car, and the motoring landscape is going to change forever as a result.
But with so much change going on, and so much new terminology, it's easy to get confused. So we produced a special report to guide you through it. Read on to learn about the future of the car.
1: What makes a connected car?
The term ‘connected’ is probably second only to ‘autonomous’ on the automotive industry’s list of future-car buzzwords. In its Engine Parts simplest form, a connected car is one with a built-in internet connection.
Connected cars already exist thanks to the widespread use of LTE/4G cellular networks for infotainment, fleet management and safety functions (think Vauxhall OnStar). In the near future, the combination of the Dedicated ShortRange Communications (DSRC) wireless communications standard and faster cellular links will open the door to new safety and convenience features, but car makers, technology suppliers and road operators will need to collaborate so vehicles can talk to each other and the wider world.
If all goes to plan, connected car technologies, such as real-time satnav mapping and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, will make highly automated driving, and even full autonomy, possible just a few years from now.
Here we take a look at some of the key issues and areas of development in the automotive technology industry.
Connected cars: Mobile connectivity vs security
Cars can already be operated via a mobile phone, or have their specifications changed through over-the-air (OTA) software upgrades. But increasing connectivity to other vehicles and infrastructure increases the risk of your family transport being hacked, so car makers are working with suppliers, such as Harman and Magna, to ensure that cyber security doesn’t become a problem for connected cars. New software will not only mitigate an attack but also log the details so manufacturers can spot patterns and fix any weak spots via OTA updates.
Why communication is key for future cars
Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication via DSRC roadside units will require cars to interact with infrastructure such as traffic lights and junctions. A combination of V2I and V2V (see below) could eliminate collisions at blind junctions, for example. By integrating this data with digital maps in the Cloud in real time, vehicle navigation systems will be updated every few seconds rather than every few minutes, by faster cellular connections. Trials of these technologies are already under way by suppliers such as Here, Panasonic, Orange and Ericsson, working in combination with road operators and car companies in Europe, the US and beyond.
Mobile home, mobile office, mobile life: connected cars to the Internet of Things
Mobile phones have become central to people’s lives and car makers have been quick to respond by improving car-to-phone connectivity and adding Apple CarPlay and Android Auto to the specification sheet. If recent concept cars and a gaggle of new partnerships between auto and tech companies are anything to go by, life inside and outside the car is set to become ever more closely integrated, with the car becoming a part of the same digital ‘ecosystem’ that contains everything from your appointments calendar to your Internet of Things-connected fridge. A digital assistant from the likes of Amazon, Microsoft, Apple or Google could run your life, whether you’re on the sofa at home, behind the wheel or in the office.
How connected cars can boost vehicle safety
Cars will communicate with other nearby vehicles and share information about the road conditions and hazards ahead. The DSRC already fitted to the Cadillac CTS, for example, can handle 1000 messages per second from vehicles up to 300 metres away. When a V2V-equipped car engages its stability control, brakes hard or switches on its hazard lights, drivers behind are alerted to give them more time to react, in turn smoothing the traffic flow. In Honda’s Safe Swarm vision, DSRC-connected cars will move seamlessly and safely together, like a shoal of fish.
2: The future of electric vehicles - can they crack the range barrier?
Can the EV ever replace petrol and diesel cars, or will they only work for short journeys? Dave Greenwood, professor of advanced propulsion at the Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), also heads battery development at the Advanced Propulsion Centre. He thinks that expecting the EV to one day match the range of a petrol or diesel car may be unnecessary for most drivers.
“Ninety eight percent of journeys are less than 50 miles,” he says. “If we continue the race for range with EVs then very few journeys would take advantage of that. The cost of increasing the range of an EV from 100 miles to 200 miles would double.” Based on today’s prices, that would mean a jump in battery price from £5000 to £10,000 for a car the size of a Nissan Leaf, just to H-beam Connecting Rods allow for occasional long trips. “A more realistic scenario is that buyers would purchase a mobility package including an affordable EV to use daily for shorter journeys, then book a car from their dealer for longer trips,” Greenwood adds.
Nevertheless, the energy density of lithium ion batteries is improving and it is this that EV range depends upon. The size and weight of today’s batteries has more to do with mechanical rather than chemical elements. “Only 35% of the battery’s mass is electrically active,” Greenwood says. The rest of the weight comes from the electrical equipment and the ‘Russian doll’ packaging of components within components. “Even if we did nothing to the chemistry we could reasonably double the energy density,” he adds. “WMG has demonstrated technology with 80% better energy density than current batteries.”
Today only a tiny percentage of cars are EVs, but if the numbers rise, charging will present challenges. “Charging speed and infrastructure will matter more than range,” says Stephen Doyle, Ricardo’s head of hybrid and electrical products. Faster charging requires more powerful chargers and batteries capable of receiving that power.
Tesla’s superchargers currently charge at a maximum rate of 120kW per car, but Doyle predicts an alternative to Tesla’s network “pushing that up to 150kW”. Beyond that, ultra-fast charging at 350kW is being researched in Europe and the US, and the Ultra E consortium, including Audi, BMW and utility companies, has said it will deliver 25 350kW stations by next year.
One of the challenges is heat. “Charging at 120kW generates about 10kW of heat,” says Doyle, but 350kW generates more like 50kW, or the equivalent of 16 domestic room heaters. “Inductive ‘wireless’ charging by parking over a pad is limited to 22kW on passenger cars to meet electromagnetic compatibility standards and ensure there’s no impact on pacemakers or electrical devices like phones,” adds Doyle.
Lithium ion chemistry is likely to dominate for at least a decade, but the use of different materials should increase range. Much later, other improvements may include a move to smaller, lighter batteries filled with solid rather than liquid electrolyte.
3: The future of self-driving cars - when a car becomes a mobility service
The Sedric is the Volkswagen Group’s self-driving car of the future. The concept itself won’t make production but much of the technology will – in around 10 years’ time, says the firm. The technology could appear in all VW Group brands including Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Seat, Skoda and includes just three controls – Go, Stop and Call – as well as advanced voice control tech that will be able to run all but the crucial systems. Volkswagen says self-driving cars will first find favour in controlled environments such as factories and car parks, then for car sharing before finally reaching private ownership.
Sedric pods could be private or public. Public pods could be identified when they arrive by colour and audio, so the visually impaired can use them.
An array of sensors includes a 360deg Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR), camera and radar sensors. The system gives ‘triple redundancy,’ each method covering the other in case of confusion or failure.
4: The future of hydrogen cars - why they're a matter of when, not if
Hydrogen fuel cells combine hydrogen and airborne oxygen to make electricity, with only water and heat as by-products. A fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) is simply an EV that uses a fuel cell as its source of electricity. The fuel cell’s hydrogen supply can be replenished at a pump in about the same time as it takes to refuel a conventional car, and fuel cells could take over as the favourite power source for EVs beyond 2025.
Experts are split over the benefits, arguing that producing hydrogen, compressing or liquefying it, transporting it then filling a car with it all consumes too much energy to be efficient. There is a compelling argument for hydrogen, though. It is the most abundant element in the Universe, it can be made sustainably, it can be manufactured at the point of sale and it can be used for energy storage, by producing it using surplus off-peak electricity.Ford, GM, Honda, Hyundai, Mercedes and Toyota have been serious about fuel cell vehicles since the late 1990s, with GM, Toyota, Hyundai and Honda still pursuing the technology. GM and Honda have extended a partnership formed in 2013 to collaborate on fuel cell technology. In January this year, the two companies opened a £68.5 million joint venture, called Fuel Cell System Manufacturing, to begin the mass production of fuel cells by 2020. GM made its first fuel cell vehicle in the 1960s and has since invested £2.4bn in fuel cell tech.
FCEVs represent a re-invention of the wheel in a business sense, so there’s a compelling reason for car manufacturers to grab a piece of the action, while oil companies are looking for something to produce when the oil runs out.
5: Cars and technology - move over virtual reality, 'mixed reality' has arrived
Advanced software originally developed for gaming is now being used to help designers and engineers use virtual reality to create the next generation of in-car displays.
Behind every great video game, whether it be on an Xbox, Playstation or PC, lies a software ‘engine’ on which images are created in real time, 90 times a second, rather than decided upon in advance and then stored for later use. It’s this technology that makes today’s computer games so compelling and dynamic.
Software company Unreal Engine Enterprises has made the jump from gaming to automotive. Using its technology, BMW has developed ‘mixed reality’ environments using virtual reality headsets to overlay images on basic 3D-printed models of car interiors. What users touch may be a simple and quickly produced rendition, but what they see is the finished thing. “This creates a relationship between virtual reality and the real world,” explains Unreal Engine Enterprise director Simon Jones. “When you open the door, you feel the weight of the door, when you sit in the car you smell the leather and feel it compress, and when you reach for the steering wheel you can feel it.”
The same high-speed imaging technology is expected to revolutionise in-car displays. Jones is seeing a move towards displays that occupy entire dashboard areas, with context-sensitive information more closely related to what the driver is doing.
6: The future of electic cars - brace yourself for the 48V jolt
In the next two to three years most premium cars going on sale will be 48V mild hybrids, and the lower echelons of the market are likely to follow suit. These 48V systems will also help to meet the increasing demand for connected car and infotainment features, more advanced driver assistance systems, electric superchargers and autonomous technology. The Audi SQ7 is the first production car with a 48V electrical system and electrically powered compressor (EPC).
The 48V technology is relatively simple and cheap to add to existing vehicle architectures and integrate with 12V electrics. A belt-integrated starter-generator (BiSG) can be bolted to the engine in place of the existing 12V generator. The addition of a beefier drive belt means it can provide a smoother, faster-acting stop-start function and also feed torque to assist the engine.
Blending the BiSG’s regenerative braking with the mechanical brakes using its Structure Engine Control architecture, automotive tech supplier Delphi says it can capture 85% of the braking energy available in the forthcoming Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) fuel test cycle.
The 48V systems also fall below the 60V threshold for costly highvoltage classification. “A plug-in hybrid is 10 times the cost,” says Mary Gustanski, a senior vice president of engineering at Delphi. “That’s what makes the technology so attractive. When you step on the accelerator you have a flawless launch, and you cannot tell you’re using stop-start.”
7: Who's doing what with autonomous cars?
Be in no doubt: fully autonomous cars are on the way and most manufacturers are working hard to develop them. Here’s what the major players are up to:
BMW Group
Showed-off its first serious autonomous technology, in collaboration with Bosch, back in 2013. BMW Group teamed up with Mobileye, a specialist in computer vision and machine learning, and Intel. Mobileye’s data software will be installed in 2018 BMWs to accelerate the creation of digital mapping.
Ford
Ford expects the autonomous car to have the same impact as the Model T: huge. It has pledged to make autonomous cars available to everyone, not just the wealthy.
General Motors
GM currently has a fleet of 40 vehicles on test in California. The US giant began testing on public roads in Michigan in 2016.
Hyundai and Kia
Both Korean brands have announced they will be selling partially autonomous cars by 2020, with the first fully autonomous cars following in 2030.
Jaguar Land Rover
JLR is creating a fleet of more than 100 vehicles to test and develop connected car and autonomous vehicle technologies over the next four years. It has also demonstrated vehicles capable of overtaking without driver intervention.
Daimler
Mercedes is chasing autonomous tech aggressively. Its S500 Intelligent Drive research car completed a 62-mile drive from Mannheim to Pforzheim back in 2013, and the company has recently announced a collaboration with Bosch.
Nissan
Has committed to delivering cars with a “significant” level of autonomy by 2020. The new Leaf and Qashqai will both be equipped with ProPILOT autonomous drive tech for single-lane autonomous driving on motorways.
PSA Group
Peugeot’s 300bhp Instinct PHEV concept can switch between Drive and Autonomous modes for do-it-yourself driving or fully autonomous operation. Four Citroën C4 Picassos have covered 37,000 miles in testing.
Tesla
Has a habit of taking huge leaps forward rather than adopting the cautious linear progression preferred by other manufacturers. In January it rolled out the second generation of Autopilot on its Hardware 2 platform. It has 360deg vision from eight cameras, 12 ultrasonic sensors and forward-facing radar.
Volkswagen Group
The Self DRIving Car (Sedric) shown at the Geneva motor show in March illustrates the company’s plans to become a mobility provider. Ideas from its new Future Centres are made available to the individual brands within the group.
Volvo
The Chinese-owned Swedish car maker Turbocharger started the Drive Me project last year in Gothenburg with an autonomous XC90 SUV. It also joined forces with Uber in a £241 million project.
The six levels of autonomy explained
0 - No automation. Driver in full control, even when helped by warning or intervention systems.
1 - Level one is when an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) is in play.
2 - Partial automation takes place when more than one ADAS is functioning.
3 - Conditional automation denotes automated driving, with the driver responding to requests to intervene.
4 - High automation: the automated system can cope even if the driver doesn’t respond to a request to intervene.
5 - Full automation: the fully driverless car. It does what a human can do.
8: Batteries vs conventional fuel: how do they compare?
Today one of the most powerful EV batteries ‘fuelling’ the £129,400 Tesla Model S P100D is the size of a queen-size mattress, weighs more than half a tonne and stores 100kWh of energy. The battery would be too big and too expensive for use in a small EV.
The price of lithium ion batteries has fallen over the past five years but still stands at around £200 per kWh, so the approximate cost of a 100kWh battery is £20,000. Compared like for like, there’s still a yawning chasm between the weight, space and cost efficiency of battery energy storage compared to that petrol or diesel, especially when it comes to small, non-premium cars. Experts say this is improving, though.
 

Product Title :
For GT2871 GT2860 Turbo All 1.8-3.0L Engine T25 Flange 5 Blot Turbocharger

Product Title :
For High Performance 92-97 BMW 3 Series E36 M3 Fully Adjustable Coilover / Shock Absorber Suspension Kit

In order to adapt to the domestic road conditions and consumer preferences, most of the models into the country, manufacturers will be equipped with a set of softer shocks, or even increase the distance from the vehicle; but it will make the vehicle lack of support, and the center of gravity High case. When the vehicle is running at high speed, the case of emergency dodge obstacles, the original shock may not be able to provide adequate support for the body, so that a substantial shift in the center of gravity; at this time, most of the body weight will be transferred to the outer wheels On, it is easy to break through the tire friction limit caused the vehicle out of control.
Want to solve this serious impact on the safety of the Cheap Coilovers problem, the best way to naturally upgrade the shock. Upgrade the shock way, probably can be divided into three kinds, respectively, is to replace the sports type to reduce the body spring, replace the sports suit shock absorber and replace the adjustable high and low twist shock; but the sports suit shock corresponding to less cars Of the price of the shock absorber is relatively high, if only want to slightly lower the car height and enhance the control, then replace a set of sports short spring can be competent, and the price is more real. At present, in addition to some well-known shock spring brand, the domestic also has a lot of design, production of sports short spring manufacturers, including the change of car technology Co., Ltd., EDDY movement short spring, that is, they launched the product.
EDDY movement short spring with unequal winding way, if the Coil Over Shocks driving process encountered beyond the impact of the spring beyond the impact of the gap between the two springs are likely to squeeze each other, not only will produce a spring impact Sound, but also cause damage to the spring. And in the smallest gap between the two volumes of spring to add silent glue, you can avoid the collision between the spring, both to avoid noise, but also to protect the spring from damage.
Spring hardening will sacrifice part of the comfort; in order to retain comfort and improve vehicle control, EDDY movement short spring also uses a non-equidistant winding way. The use of non-equidistant spring-intensive areas of soft, sparse areas of the harder characteristics, through the dense area to absorb the fine vibration, to maintain comfort; through the sparse area to provide support for the vehicle to enhance the vehicle control. In addition, EDDY movement short spring can also reduce the height of the body 30-40mm, so that the vehicle center of gravity also will decline, reduce the dodge, variable the process of shifting the center of gravity, improve vehicle stability.

There is no dispute, Air Runner Pneumatic products is still the object of "Fan", since it is "Fan" inevitably talk about HellaFlush, a global swept low lying, flush, large negative camouflage style, can not say HellaFlush source Since Japan (although the neon state has a variety of self-modification style, please read: "others laugh I am too crazy to see the wonderful work style"), but the early popular Japanese VIP conversion, so far still let Modified players obsessed.
There is a gas field, there are majestic, enough luxury is the Japanese VIP conversion understanding, this is true, after all, Japanese VIP conversion style is originated in the eighties of the Japanese Coilover Shocks gang (in Japan as a legitimate group), but we all see Missed a Point: HellaFlush has not yet red, VIP has been used for a long time shock, and the Japanese local Air Runner has long been recognized by local players; until the recent Shanghai MIT become Air Runner pneumatic domestic agents, But also gradually by the domestic players, the attitude of the big network of knowledge.
 In fact, the working principle of pneumatic shock are basically the same, from the airbag springs, shock absorbers, gas cylinders, air pumps, four transmission lines, and pneumatic control software components, through the vehicle controller remote control airbag inflatable, discouraged , And when the internal pressure sensor detects the air pressure is low to a certain value, the air pump will automatically inflate the gas tank.
The same reason, but the various brands of materials used in different, Air Coil Over Runner also understand this, after all, internal pressure, spring K number change (on the shock absorber), so Air Runner also claimed that there are two aspects can be highlighted: closed The airbag is made by Bridgestone custom; the corresponding shock absorber is handed over to KYB foundry, the two manufacturers identity is that we all know things, but also the original car factory supporting manufacturers, but not so much prominent Of the advantages, it is better to let the players have enough time to Shuashuai (durability), because the face of different daily traffic conditions, workmanship, poor quality of the aerodynamic shock is often very prone to problems, such as closed Airbag leaks. Of course, by the combination of soft / hardware will also focus on driving comfort.
In order to reduce the cost of playing cars, some players will be different brands of pneumatic hardware, software installed together, this method is possible, but in any case, Air Runnner also introduced a pneumatic control kit, including pneumatic control computer, barometer, and independent lift Of the car control button (4 control four pneumatic shock), etc., although this type of control can not be from the car remote control car height, but this embedded installation does not damage the original car's overall interior, Look at this detail, often HellaFlush, VIP players pay more attention to these details.